How can chronic stress impact health?

Chronic stress significantly impacts health, particularly by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. When an individual experiences prolonged stress, several physiological changes occur. The body enters a state of heightened alertness, triggering the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones prepare the body for a 'fight or flight' response, but when stress is chronic, this response remains activated.

Consequently, the continuous presence of stress hormones can lead to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and higher levels of inflammation. Over time, these factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup, thereby heightening the risk for heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, chronic stress is linked to unhealthy behaviors, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and substance use, which can further exacerbate cardiovascular risks.

In contrast, chronic stress does not enhance mental clarity or immune response; rather, it often leads to cognitive impairment and a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Additionally, stress is typically associated with weight gain due to hormonal changes that increase appetite and cravings for high-calorie food, countering healthy weight management efforts.