In patients with asthma, what is the function of inhaled corticosteroids?

Inhaled corticosteroids play a vital role in the management of asthma by reducing inflammation in the airways. Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, and consequent airflow obstruction. The anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled corticosteroids help to decrease this inflammation, ultimately improving airway function and reducing the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms.

By targeting the inflammatory process, inhaled corticosteroids help stabilize the airway and make it less reactive to triggers such as allergens, exercise, or cold air. This reduction in inflammation not only alleviates current symptoms but also has a preventive effect, reducing the likelihood of exacerbations and the need for rescue medications.

Other options focus on mechanisms not directly addressed by inhaled corticosteroids. For instance, while bronchodilation is essential in treating asthma, it is primarily achieved through beta-agonists rather than corticosteroids. Additionally, inhaled corticosteroids do not increase airway reactivity or prevent allergic reactions directly, although preemptively managing inflammation can lead to improved tolerance of potential allergens. The focus on inflammation is what makes inhaled corticosteroids a cornerstone in asthma management.