What are the hallmark signs of Cushing's syndrome?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by an excess of cortisol in the body, which leads to a distinct set of clinical features. Central obesity refers to an accumulation of fat in the abdominal area, which is a common and notable symptom of Cushing's syndrome. Facial plethora, or a rounder, fuller appearance of the face (often referred to as a "moon face"), is another striking sign due to fat redistribution. Easy bruising occurs as a result of skin thinning and vascular fragility, which are both consequences of prolonged cortisol exposure.

These hallmark signs are critical for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and are directly correlated with the pathophysiology associated with elevated cortisol levels. They help clinicians differentiate Cushing's syndrome from other conditions that might cause similar symptoms. The other options listed do not represent the typical manifestations of this syndrome and may be associated with other medical conditions, but they lack the specificity and critical presentation seen in Cushing's syndrome.