What is a known side effect of long-term steroid use?

Long-term steroid use is widely recognized for its association with osteoporosis, which is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Corticosteroids, when administered for extended periods, can impair the body's ability to absorb calcium and can influence bone remodeling processes, leading to decreased bone density.

The effects of steroids on the bone include reduced formation of new bone, increased bone resorption, and alterations in the balance of bone metabolism. This results in an increased risk of fractures, even with minimal trauma. Patients using long-term corticosteroids are therefore advised to undergo regular monitoring of bone health and may benefit from preventive measures such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, medications to enhance bone density.

While hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and gastrointestinal bleeding are also potential side effects of steroid use, osteoporosis specifically reflects a long-term consequence related to the impact of steroids on bone health, making it the most relevant choice in this context.