What lifestyle change can most reduce the risk of coronary artery disease?

Smoking cessation is widely recognized as one of the most significant lifestyle changes that can reduce the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Tobacco smoke contains numerous harmful substances that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaques in the arteries. Smokers have a higher likelihood of developing CAD due to the adverse effects of smoking on endothelial function, increased inflammation, and promotion of thrombosis.

When an individual quits smoking, the risk factors associated with heart disease, including blood pressure and carbon monoxide levels, begin to improve almost immediately. Over time, the risk of CAD can decrease significantly, nearing that of a non-smoker. This makes smoking cessation a critical target for interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk.

In contrast, while regular exercise and increased fiber intake are beneficial lifestyle changes that can lower the risk of CAD, their effects may not be as pronounced as smoking cessation. Regular exercise helps improve heart health by enhancing cardiovascular fitness, controlling weight, and improving lipid profiles, whereas increased fiber intake is associated with better cholesterol levels and overall heart health. However, these benefits are often overshadowed by the immediate and long-term consequences of continued smoking. Weight gain, on the other hand, would likely increase the risk of CAD, further emphasizing the importance of avoiding