Which antibiotic is commonly associated with causing red man syndrome?

Red man syndrome is primarily associated with the use of vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic often used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. This reaction is characterized by flushing and an itchy rash, particularly affecting the face and upper body, which occurs due to the rapid infusion of vancomycin. The syndrome is thought to result from the release of histamine, which can be mitigated by slowing the rate of infusion or premedicating with antihistamines.

In contrast, the other antibiotics listed—ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and gentamicin—are not commonly reported to cause this particular syndrome. While they may have their own side effects, red man syndrome is specifically associated with vancomycin's infusion characteristics and the histamine release mechanism. Understanding this association is crucial for healthcare providers when administering vancomycin and monitoring for potential adverse effects in patients.