Which category of depression is characterized by the presence of two to four symptoms for at least two weeks?

Minor depression, also known as "subclinical depression," is defined by the presence of a limited number of symptoms—specifically two to four—compared to the more extensive symptomatology required for major depression. While major depression typically necessitates the presence of at least five of the nine diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5 for a minimum duration of two weeks, minor depression allows for a diagnosis despite fewer symptoms.

The symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, but the reduced symptom count distinguishes minor depression from more severe forms of depressive disorders. It is important to recognize that while minor depression may not meet the full criteria for major depression, it can still significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and may warrant intervention and treatment.

Dysthymia, now referred to as persistent depressive disorder, often involves a chronic low-grade depression lasting at least two years but typically carries more symptoms than minor depression. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by cycles of depression and mania, which is distinct from depression alone.