Which condition is characterized by a "barking" cough in children?

Croup is a viral respiratory illness that is particularly common in young children and is characterized by a distinctive "barking" cough. This cough resembles the sound of a seal barking and typically arises due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway, particularly the larynx and trachea, as a result of the infection. The inflammation also leads to symptoms such as stridor—a high-pitched sound during inspiration—and hoarseness, which are prominent signs in children suffering from croup.

Croup is often triggered by viral infections, with parainfluenza virus being a commonly involved pathogen. The condition can also cause a swelling in the airways, which can be distressing for both the child and the caregivers. The recognizable nature of the cough helps differentiate croup from other respiratory conditions, allowing for more targeted management and reassurance for parents.

Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma each have their own characteristic coughs and symptoms that do not typically present with the barking cough seen in croup. Bronchiolitis may involve wheezing and is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pneumonia is characterized by a productive cough and possible fever with consolidation signs, while asthma involves wheezing and shortness of breath due to airway